Case 303
Posluลกajte ispovijest ลพene u sudnici. Njezina sestra je ubijena, a ona zna tko ju je ubio. U svjedoฤenju ona govori i o njihovim obiteljskim odnosima.
Listen to the woman’s confession in the courtroom. Her sister was murdered, and she knows who killed her. In her testimony, she also talks about their family relationships.
Transcription & Translation
Last updated: 6th October 2024
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Learn: All the cases in the same place
CROATIAN VERSION
Questions
Transcription – CRO
Moja baka je cijeli ลพivot ลพivjela na selu. Nije ฤesto bila u velikim gradovima. Grad joj se nije sviฤao i nije priฤala o gradovima. Uvijek kad je morala putovati u grad, govorila je: โOsjeฤam se kao da moram iฤi u dลพunglu.โ
Kad je ostarila, morala je posjeฤivati doktore, a doktori su bili u gradu. Iako nije vjerovala doktorima, kad je imala termin, iลกla je u bolnicu s mojom mamom, svojom kฤerkom. Moja mama je uvijek htjela pomoฤi baki. Iลกle su autom. Mama je vozila.
Kad su se mama i ona vozile kroz grad, baka joj je stalno govorila: โPazi, kฤeri, semafor! Gle, pogazit ฤeลก ฤovjeka, boลพe, boลพeโฆโ.
Jednom je mama postala baลก nervozna zbog bake i njezinih komentara i rekla joj je: โSad je dosta. Prestani mi soliti pamet! Izaฤi iz auta i idi sama. Blizu bolnice smo. Idi po ovim stepenicama i skreni u ulicu lijevo. Neฤeลก se viลกe ponaลกati tako bezobrazno prema meni!โ
VOCABULARY
SERBIAN VERSION
Questions
Transcription – SRB
Cyrillic
ะะพัะฐ ะฑะฐะฑะฐ ัะต ัะตะปะธ ะถะธะฒะพั ะถะธะฒะตะปะฐ ะฝะฐ ัะตะปั. ะะธัะต ัะตััะพ ะฑะธะปะฐ ั ะฒะตะปะธะบะธะผ ะณัะฐะดะพะฒะธะผะฐ. ะัะฐะด ัะพั ัะต ะฝะธัะต ัะฒะธัะฐะพ ะธ ะฝะธัะต ะฟัะธัะฐะปะฐ ะพ ะณัะฐะดะพะฒะธะผะฐ. ะฃะฒะตะบ ะบะฐะด ัะต ะผะพัะฐะปะฐ ะดะฐ ะฟััััะต ั ะณัะฐะด, ะณะพะฒะพัะธะปะฐ ัะต: โะัะตัะฐะผ ัะต ะบะฐะพ ะดะฐ ะผะพัะฐะผ ะดะฐ ะธะดะตะผ ั ััะฝะณะปั.โ
ะะฐะด ัะต ะพััะฐัะธะปะฐ, ะผะพัะฐะปะฐ ัะต ะดะฐ ะฟะพัะตัััะต ะปะตะบะฐัะต, ะฐ ะปะตะบะฐัะธ ัั ะฑะธะปะธ ั ะณัะฐะดั. ะะฐะบะพ ะฝะธัะต ะฒะตัะพะฒะฐะปะฐ ะปะตะบะฐัะธะผะฐ, ะบะฐะด ัะต ะธะผะฐะปะฐ ัะตัะผะธะฝ, ะธัะปะฐ ัะต ั ะฑะพะปะฝะธัั ัะฐ ะผะพัะพะผ ะผะฐะผะพะผ, ัะฒะพัะพะผ ัะตัะบะพะผ. ะะพัะฐ ะผะฐะผะฐ ัะต ัะฒะตะบ ั ัะตะปะฐ ะดะฐ ะฟะพะผะพะณะฝะต ะฑะฐะบะธ. ะัะปะต ัั ะบะพะปะธะผะฐ. ะะฐะผะฐ ัะต ะฒะพะทะธะปะฐ.
ะะฐะด ัั ัะต ะผะฐะผะฐ ะธ ะพะฝะฐ ะฒะพะทะธะปะต ะบัะพะท ะณัะฐะด, ะฑะฐะบะฐ ัะพั ัะต ััะฐะปะฝะพ ะณะพะฒะพัะธะปะฐ: โะะฐะทะธ, ะบัะตัะธ, ัะตะผะฐัะพั! ะะปะต, ะฟะพะณะฐะทะธั ัะตั ัะพะฒะตะบะฐ, ะฑะพะถะต, ะฑะพะถะตโฆโ.
ะะตะดะฝะพะผ ัะต ะผะฐะผะฐ ะฟะพััะฐะปะฐ ะฑะฐั ะฝะตัะฒะพะทะฝะฐ ะทะฑะพะณ ะฑะฐะบะต ะธ ัะตะฝะธั ะบะพะผะตะฝัะฐัะฐ ะธ ัะตะบะปะฐ ัะพั ัะต: โะกะฐะด ัะต ะดะพััะฐ. ะัะตััะฐะฝะธ ะดะฐ ะผะธ ัะพะปะธั ะฟะฐะผะตั! ะะทะฐัะธ ะธะท ะบะพะปะฐ ะธ ะธะดะธ ัะฐะผะฐ. ะะปะธะทั ะฑะพะปะฝะธัะต ัะผะพ. ะะดะธ ะฟะพ ะพะฒะธะผ ััะตะฟะตะฝะธัะฐะผะฐ ะธ ัะบัะตะฝะธ ั ัะปะธัั ะปะตะฒะพ. ะะตัะตั ัะต ะฒะธัะต ะฟะพะฝะฐัะฐัะธ ัะฐะบะพ ะฑะตะทะพะฑัะฐะทะฝะพ ะฟัะตะผะฐ ะผะตะฝะธ!โ
Latin
Moja baba je celi ลพivot ลพivela na selu. Nije ฤesto bila u velikim gradovima. Grad joj se nije sviฤao i nije priฤala o gradovima. Uvek kad je morala da putuje u grad, govorila je: โOseฤam se kao da moram da idem u dลพunglu.โ
Kad je ostarila, morala je da poseฤuje lekare, a lekari su bili u gradu. Iako nije verovala lekarima, kad je imala termin, iลกla je u bolnicu sa mojom mamom, svojom ฤerkom. Moja mama je uvek htela da pomogne baki. Iลกle su kolima. Mama je vozila.
Kad su se mama i ona vozile kroz grad, baka joj je stalno govorila: โPazi, kฤeri, semafor! Gle, pogaziฤeลก ฤoveka, boลพe, boลพeโฆโ.
Jednom je mama postala baลก nervozna zbog bake i njenih komentara i rekla joj je: โSad je dosta. Prestani da mi soliลก pamet! Izaฤi iz kola i idi sama. Blizu bolnice smo. Idi po ovim stepenicama i skreni u ulicu levo. Neฤeลก se viลกe ponaลกati tako bezobrazno prema meni!โ
VOCABULARY
Translation
Moja baka je cijeli ลพivot ลพivjela na selu. / Moja baba je celi ลพivot ลพivela na selu.
My grandmother lived in the village all her life.
Nije ฤesto bila u velikim gradovima.
She was not often in big cities.
Grad joj se nije sviฤao i nije priฤala o gradovima.
She didn’t like the city and didn’t talk about cities.
Uvijek kad je morala putovati u grad, govorila je: โOsjeฤam se kao da moram iฤi u dลพunglu.โ / Uvek kad je morala da putuje u grad, govorila je: โOseฤam se kao da moram da idem u dลพunglu.โ
Whenever she had to travel to the city, she said, “I feel like I have to go to the jungle.”
Kad je ostarila, morala je posjeฤivati doktore, a doktori su bili u gradu. / Kad je ostarila, morala je da poseฤuje lekare, a lekari su bili u gradu.
When she got older, she had to visit doctors, and the doctors were in town.
Iako nije vjerovala doktorima, kad je imala termin, iลกla je u bolnicu s mojom mamom, svojom kฤerkom. / Iako nije verovala lekarima, kad je imala termin, iลกla je u bolnicu sa mojom mamom, svojom ฤerkom.
Although she didn’t trust doctors, when she had an appointment, she went to the hospital with my mom, her daughter.
Moja mama je uvijek htjela pomoฤi baki. Iลกle su autom. Mama je vozila. / Moja mama je uvijek htela da pomogne baki. Iลกle su kolima. Mama je vozila.
My mom always wanted to help grandma. They went by car. Mom was driving.
Kad su se mama i ona vozile kroz grad, baka joj je stalno govorila: โPazi, kฤeri, semafor! Gle, pogazit ฤeลก/pogaziฤeลก ฤovjeka/ฤoveka, boลพe, boลพeโฆโ.
When my mom and she were driving through the city, my grandmother constantly said to her: “Watch out, daughter, the traffic lights! Look, you will run over the man, oh God, oh Godโฆโ.
Jednom je mama postala baลก nervozna zbog bake i njezinih komentara i rekla joj je: โSad je dosta.
Once, mom got really nervous because of grandma and her comments and said to her: “That’s enough now.
Izaฤi iz auta i idi sama. Blizu bolnice smo. Idi po ovim stepenicama i skreni u ulicu lijevo/levo. Neฤeลก se viลกe ponaลกati tako bezobrazno prema meni!โ
Get out of the car and go alone. We are near the hospital. Go up these stairs and turn left into the street. You won’t behave so rude toward me anymore!โ
Analysis
Let’s analyze the text from the beginning considering the cases that are used.
LEGEND:
NOM – nominativ, basic form
GEN – genitiv
DAT – dativ
AK – akuzativ
VOK – vokativ
LOK – lokativ
INST – instrumental
CRO: Moja baka (NOM) je cijeli ลพivot (AK) ลพivjela na selu (LOK).
SRB: Moja baba (NOM) je celi ลพivot (AK) ลพivela na selu (LOK).
Maybe you wonder why cijeli ลพivot/ celi ลพivot is akuzativ. The answer is that we use akuzativ when expressing period, like for whole life, for a year, for a month… – cijeli/celi ลพivot, jednu godinu, jedan mjesec/mesec…
Nije ฤesto bila u velikim gradovima (LOK, plural).
Grad (NOM) joj se nije sviฤao i nije priฤala o gradovima (LOK).
Reminder: Lokativ comes after the connectors u, na, po, prema, o.
Uvijek/uvek kad je morala putovati u grad (AK), govorila je: โOsjeฤam/oseฤam se kao da moram iฤi u dลพunglu (AK).โ
In both examples, it’s about direction – akuzativ.
CRO: Kad je ostarila, morala je posjeฤivati doktore (AK), a doktori (NOM, plural) su bili u gradu (LOK).
SRB: Kad je ostarila, morala je da poseฤuje lekare (AK), a lekari (NOM, plural) su bili u gradu (LOK).
Iako nije vjerovala doktorima/verovala lekarima (DAT, plural), kad je imala termin (AK), iลกla je u bolnicu (AK) sa mojom mamom (INST), svojom kฤerkom (INST).
Moja mama (NOM) je uvijek htjela pomoฤi/uvek htela da pomogne baki (DAT).
Iลกle su autom/kolima (INST). Mama (NOM) je vozila.
Kad su se mama (NOM) i ona vozile kroz grad (AK), baka (NOM) joj je stalno govorila: โPazi, kฤeri (VOK), semafor! Gle, pogazit ฤeลก ฤovjeka (AK)/pogaziฤeลก ฤoveka (AK), boลพe, boลพeโฆ (VOK)โ.
Here we have 2 uses of vokativ – kฤeri and boลพe – because she’s referring to her daughter and God. Did you know that God – Bog – in vokativ sounds Boลพe. It’s because a vocal change called palatalizacija occurs.
Jednom je mama (NOM) postala baลก nervozna zbog bake (GEN) i njezinih komentara (GEN, plural) i rekla joj (DAT) je: โSad je dosta.
Prestani mi (DAT) soliti pamet (AK)! / Prestani da mi (DAT) soliลก pamet (AK)!
Izaฤi iz auta/kola (GEN) i idi sama.
Blizu bolnice (GEN) smo. Idi po ovim stepenicama (LOK) i skreni u ulicu (AK) lijevo/levo.
Neฤeลก se viลกe ponaลกati tako bezobrazno prema meni! (LOK)โ
Remember that “ja” in lokativ/dativ has long and short form, just like all other pronouns. Meni is a long form and it’s used always with a prepositions, like prema in the example above. The short form is mi and it’s used in all other cases, like Rekla mi je, Dao mi je…
What does SOLITI PAMET mean and when can you use it?
Soliti pamet literally means to salt my brain or mind.
The phrase is used in Croatian and Serbian languages when someone is constantly saying what you should do. They’re giving you advice you haven’t asked for. They behave like they’re smarter than you and that annoys you. Then you can say – Ne soli mi pamet!
Pamet is used like a synonym for mozak (brain) or um (mind) only in the phrases. Except for this one, we often say: “Siลกao/la si s pameti!” That means “You climbed down your mind” literally. It’s used when you can not believe what someone did, how stupid thing.
Let’s practice!
Learn: All the tenses in the same place; personality adjectives
CROATIAN VERSION
Questions
Transcription – CRO
Imala sam jednog prijatelja koji je uvijek bio smiren, miran ฤovjek osim kad je bio u prometu. Jako mu je smetala guลพva u prometu. Kad smo hodali u centru grada meฤu puno ljudi, ta guลพva mu nije smetala, viลกe je smetala meni, ali kad je sjeo u auto, postao je drugi ฤovjek.
โAjde glupane, vozi! Ma kako to voziลก, โฆโ
Psovao je i vikao na druge vozaฤe. Bio je ljut, bio je bijesan.
Baลก sam se pitala kakav je danas. Je li joลก uvijek tako ljut i nestrpljiv u prometu? Danas se ne druลพimo viลกe niti ga vidim u gradu, mislila sam. Ali, eto njega, sretnem ga jutros kad sam iลกla u banku.
Kaลพem mu da sam se baลก sjetila kako je uvijek bio ljut u prometu, a on mi kaลพe:
โUh, nemoj me podsjeฤati. Da, i danas sam takav, ali viลกe ne smijem biti takav. Upravo se vraฤam sa suda. Prije neki dan razljutio sam se na jednog vozaฤa i poฤeo vikati na njega. Lik je izaลกao iz auta, doลกao do mojeg auta i ja sam ga udario. Posvaฤali smo se i ฤak potukli.
Dobio sam novฤanu kaznu – upravo su mi rekli na sudu. Od sad ฤu paziti kad sam vozim. Neฤu viลกe biti nervozan, upisat ฤu neki teฤaj meditacije ili joge, k vragu.โ
VOCABULARY
SERBIAN VERSION
Questions
Transcription – SRB
Cyrillic
ะะผะฐะปะฐ ัะฐะผ ัะตะดะฝะพะณ ะดััะณะฐัะฐ ะบะพัะธ ัะต ัะฒะตะบ ะฑะธะพ ัะผะธัะตะฝ, ะผะธัะฐะฝ ัะพะฒะตะบ ะพัะธะผ ะบะฐะด ัะต ะฑะธะพ ั ัะฐะพะฑัะฐัะฐัั. ะะฝะพะณะพ ะผั ัะต ัะผะตัะฐะปะฐ ะณัะถะฒะฐ ั ัะฐะพะฑัะฐัะฐัั. ะะฐะด ัะผะพ ั ะพะดะฐะปะธ ั ัะตะฝััั ะณัะฐะดะฐ ะผะตัั ะผะฝะพะณะพ ััะดะธ, ัะฐ ะณัะถะฒะฐ ะผั ะฝะธัะต ัะผะตัะฐะปะฐ, ะฒะธัะต ัะต ัะผะตัะฐะปะฐ ะผะตะฝะธ, ะฐะปะธ ะบะฐะด ัะต ัะตะพ ั ะบะพะปะฐ, ะฟะพััะฐะพ ัะต ะดััะณะธ ัะพะฒะตะบ.
โะัะดะต ะณะปัะฟะฐะฝะต, ะฒะพะทะธ! ะะฐ ะบะฐะบะพ ัะพ ะฒะพะทะธั, ะฑัะต โฆโ
ะัะพะฒะฐะพ ัะต ะธ ะฒะธะบะฐะพ ะฝะฐ ะดััะณะต ะฒะพะทะฐัะต. ะะธะพ ัะต ััั, ะฑะธะพ ัะต ะฑะตัะฐะฝ.
ะะฐั ัะฐะผ ัะต ะฟะธัะฐะปะฐ ะบะฐะบะฐะฒ ัะต ะดะฐะฝะฐั. ะะฐ ะปะธ ัะต ัะพั ัะฒะตะบ ัะฐะบะพ ััั ะธ ะฝะตัััะฟัะธะฒ ั ัะฐะพะฑัะฐัะฐัั? ะะฐะฝะฐั ัะต ะฝะต ะดััะถะธะผะพ ะฒะธัะต ะฝะธัะธ ะณะฐ ะฒะธะดะธะผ ั ะณัะฐะดั, ะผะธัะปะธะปะฐ ัะฐะผ. ะะปะธ, ะตัะพ ัะตะณะฐ, ััะตัะฝะตะผ ะณะฐ ััััะพั ะบะฐะด ัะฐะผ ะธัะปะฐ ั ะฑะฐะฝะบั.
ะะฐะถะตะผ ะผั ะดะฐ ัะฐะผ ัะต ะฑะฐั ัะตัะธะปะฐ ะบะฐะบะพ ัะต ัะฒะตะบ ะฑะธะพ ััั ั ัะฐะพะฑัะฐัะฐัั, ะฐ ะพะฝ ะผะธ ะบะฐะถะต:
โะฃั , ะฝะตะผะพั ะดะฐ ะผะต ะฟะพะดัะตัะฐั. ะะฐ, ะธ ะดะฐะฝะฐั ัะฐะผ ัะฐะบะฐะฒ, ะฐะปะธ ะฒะธัะต ะฝะต ัะผะตะผ ะดะฐ ะฑัะดะตะผ ัะฐะบะฐะฒ. ะฃะฟัะฐะฒะพ ัะต ะฒัะฐัะฐะผ ัะฐ ััะดะฐ. ะัะต ะฝะตะบะธ ะดะฐะฝ ัะฐะทัััะธะพ ัะฐะผ ัะต ะฝะฐ ัะตะดะฝะพะณ ะฒะพะทะฐัะฐ ะธ ะฟะพัะตะพ ะดะฐ ะฒะธัะตะผ ะฝะฐ ัะตะณะฐ. ะะธะบ ัะต ะธะทะฐัะฐะพ ะธะท ะบะพะปะฐ, ะดะพัะฐะพ ะดะพ ะผะพัะธั ะบะพะปะฐ ะธ ัะฐ ัะฐะผ ะณะฐ ัะดะฐัะธะพ. ะะพัะฒะฐัะฐะปะธ ัะผะพ ัะต ะธ ัะฐะบ ะฟะพััะบะปะธ.
ะะพะฑะธะพ ัะฐะผ ะฝะพะฒัะฐะฝั ะบะฐะทะฝั – ัะฟัะฐะฒะพ ัั ะผะธ ัะตะบะปะธ ะฝะฐ ััะดั. ะะด ัะฐะด ัั ะฟะฐะทะธัะธ ะบะฐะด ัะฐะผ ะฒะพะทะธะผ. ะะตัั ะฒะธัะต ะฑะธัะธ ะฝะตัะฒะพะทะฐะฝ, ัะฟะธัะฐั ัั ะฝะตะบะธ ะบััั ะผะตะดะธัะฐัะธัะต ะธะปะธ ัะพะณะต, ะบ ะฒัะฐะณั.โ
Latin
Imala sam jednog drugara koji je uvek bio smiren, miran ฤovek osim kad je bio u saobraฤaju. Mnogo mu je smetala guลพva u saobraฤaju. Kad smo hodali u centru grada meฤu mnogo ljudi, ta guลพva mu nije smetala, viลกe je smetala meni, ali kad je seo u kola, postao je drugi ฤovek.
โAjde glupane, vozi! Ma kako to voziลก, breโฆโ
Psovao je i vikao na druge vozaฤe. Bio je ljut, bio je besan.
Baลก sam se pitala kakav je danas. Da li je joลก uvek tako ljut i nestrpljiv u saobraฤaju? Danas se ne druลพimo viลกe niti ga vidim u gradu, mislila sam. Ali, eto njega, sretnem ga jutros kad sam iลกla u banku.
Kaลพem mu da sam se baลก setila kako je uvek bio ljut u saobraฤaju, a on mi kaลพe:
โUh, nemoj da me podseฤaลก. Da, i danas sam takav, ali viลกe ne smem da budem takav. Upravo se vraฤam sa suda. Pre neki dan razljutio sam se na jednog vozaฤa i poฤeo da viฤem na njega. Lik je izaลกao iz kola, doลกao do mojih kola i ja sam ga udario. Posvaฤali smo se i ฤak potukli.
Dobio sam novฤanu kaznu – upravo su mi rekli na sudu. Od sad ฤu paziti kad sam vozim. Neฤu viลกe biti nervozan, upisat ฤu neki kurs meditacije ili joge, k vragu.โ
VOCABULARY
Translation
Imala sam jednog prijatelja/drugara koji je uvijek/uvek bio smiren, miran ฤovjek/ฤovek osim kad je bio u prometu/saobraฤaju.
I had one friend who was always a calm, shy man except when he was in traffic.
Jako/Mnogo mu je smetala guลพva u prometu/saobraฤaju.
The traffic jam bothered him a lot.
Kad smo hodali u centru grada meฤu puno/mnogo ljudi, ta guลพva mu nije smetala, viลกe je smetala meni, ali kad je sjeo/seo u auto/kola, postao je drugi ฤovjek/ฤovek.
When we walked in the center of the town among a lot of people, that crowd didn’t bother him, it bothered me more, but when he sat in his car, he became another man.
โAjde glupane, vozi! Ma kako to voziลก, โฆโ
“Come on, you stupid, drive! Oh how your drive is…”
Psovao je i vikao na druge vozaฤe. Bio je ljut, bio je bijesan/besan.
He sweared and yelled at other drivers. He was angry, he was furious.
Baลก sam se pitala kakav je danas.
I was just wondering what is he like today.
Je li joลก uvijek tako ljut i nestrpljiv u prometu? / Da li je joลก uvek tako ljut i nestrpljiv u saobraฤaju?
Is he still so angry and impatient in the traffic?
Danas se ne druลพimo viลกe niti ga vidim u gradu, mislila sam.
Today we don’t hang out anymore nor do I see him in the town, I was thinking.
Ali, eto njega, sretnem ga jutros kad sam iลกla u banku.
But, here he is, I met him this morning when I was going to the bank.
Kaลพem mu da sam se baลก sjetila/setila kako je uvijek/uvek bio ljut u prometu/saobraฤaju, a on mi kaลพe:
I told him that I just remembered that he was always angry in the traffic, and he told me:
โUh, nemoj da me podseฤaลก. Da, i danas sam takav, ali viลกe ne smem da budem takav.
“Uh, don’t remind me. Yes, still today I’m like this but I can’t be like this anymore (I can’t behave like this).
Upravo se vraฤam sa suda.
I’m just getting back from the court.
Prije/Pre neki dan razljutio sam se na jednog vozaฤa i poฤeo vikati/ da viฤem na njega.
I got mad at a driver the other day and started to yell at him.
Lik je izaลกao iz auta/ kola, doลกao do mojeg auta/mojih kola i ja sam ga udario. Posvaฤali smo se i ฤak potukli.
The guy got out of his car, he came to my car and I pushed him. We had an argue and even fight.
Dobio sam novฤanu kaznu – upravo su mi rekli na sudu.
I got a fine (penalty of money) – they just told me on the court.
Od sad ฤu paziti kad sam vozim.
From now on, I will take care when I drive alone.
Neฤu viลกe biti nervozan, upisat ฤu neki kurs meditacije ili joge, k vragu.โ
I won’t be nervous anymore, I’ll join a meditation or yoga course, damn it.”
Analysis
In this text, we have all 3 tenses.
The story begins with the past tense since it narrates about the old times in the narrator’s life:
Imala sam jednog prijatelja/drugara koji je uvijek/uvek bio smiren, miran ฤovjek osim kad je bio u prometu/saobraฤaju.
When using connectors like koji, kad, the helping verb “to be” comes first: koji je bio, kad je bio.
It’s understandable if you say kad bio je, but in the opposite order, it sounds more natural.
Jako mu je smetala guลพva u prometu/saobraฤaju. Kad smo hodali u centru grada meฤu puno ljudi, ta guลพva mu nije smetala, viลกe je smetala meni, ali kad je sjeo/seo u auto/kola, postao je drugi ฤovjek/ฤovek.
Remember the conjugation of the verbs like smetati, nedostajati, sviฤati se. Smeta mu is the present tense and smetao/la mu je is the past tense.
โAjde glupane, vozi! Ma kako to voziลก, โฆโ
Here we see a rare example of vokativ – grammatical case that is used when you’re addressing someone.
Psovao je i vikao na druge vozaฤe. Bio je ljut, bio je bijesan/besan.
Baลก sam se pitala kakav je danas.
Note the difference between the verbs “pitati” (to ask; + akuzativ) and “pitati se” (to wonder).
The part with the present tense begins with a question in the present tense:
Je li joลก uvijek tako ljut i nestrpljiv u prometu? / Da li je joลก uvek tako ljut i nestrpljiv u saobraฤaju?
There is a difference between Serbian and Croatian when it comes to making questions. In Serbian, the question always begins with da li and then, simply the verb.
PRESENT: Da li radiลก?
PAST: Da li si radio?
FUTURE: Da li ฤeลก raditi?
In Croatian, the long forms of the helping verbs are used in the past and future, while in the present, only the verb first and li after that:
PRESENT: Radiลก li?
PAST: Jesi li radio?
FUTURE: Hoฤeลก li raditi?
Review the present tense in Serbo-Croatian again if you need to. It’s in the first story analysis.
The narration about nowadays continues so the present tense is used:
Danas se ne druลพimo viลกe niti ga vidim u gradu, mislila sam.
In that part of the story, the recent happening is narrated. Often when we narrate about something from the past, we use the present tense, but we use perfective verbs, opposite to the rule about using only imperfective verbs in the present tense.
Ali, eto njega, sretnem ga jutros kad sam iลกla u banku.
Kaลพem mu da sam se baลก sjetila/setila kako je uvijek/uvek bio ljut u prometu/saobraฤaju, a on mi kaลพe:
โUh, nemoj me podsjeฤati/podseฤati. Da, i danas sam takav, ali viลกe ne smijem/smem biti takav.
Takav is a word that answer to question kakav? (What like). Takav is like that, just like the answer to kako? (how) is tako (this way).
Upravo se vraฤam sa suda.
In that direct speech, it’s used imperfective verb in the present since the man says what’s happening right now. (vraฤati se – imperfective; vratiti se – perfective)
Past tense – happening from the other day
Prije/pre neki dan razljutio sam se na jednog vozaฤa i poฤeo vikati na njega. Lik je izaลกao iz auta, doลกao do mojeg auta i ja sam ga udario. Posvaฤali smo se i ฤak potukli. Dobio sam novฤanu kaznu – upravo su mi rekli na sudu.
When listing the verbs in the past tense, if the subject is the same, it’s not needed to repeat the first part, the helping verb: Razljutio sam se, poฤeo vikati, doลกao do njega i udario. “Sam” is enough only in the beginning.
It’s used to express the plans for the future.
Od sad ฤu paziti kad sam vozim. Neฤu viลกe biti nervozan, upisat ฤu neki teฤaj meditacije ili joge, k vragu.โ
In Croatian, there is no such expression, also not in Bosnian. Only in Serbian, people use “bre” very often.
This word doesn’t have a literal translation to any language. It’s something people use at the end of the sentence.
It is used when you’re upset, like in the text: Ma kako to voziลก, bre!
Or when you say a contradictory:
-Sad si ljut. – Ma nisam, bre!
Or when you hurry up someone: Hajde vozi, bre!
Or…
There are really many uses of that word. Even when you narrate something, to make it “Serbian”, just insert “bre” from time to time ๐
Primer:
“I tako ja vozim, a neki lik mi trubi – bip biiip. (ja) Rek’o ลกta trubiลก, bre? ล ta trubi, bre, ravna cesta, moลพe da me zaobiฤe ako mu se ne sviฤa voziti iza mene, a on, bre, trubi.”
Let’s practice!
